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u04a1– Related-Samples t Tests, ANOVA, and the Tukey HSD Test

Complete the following problems within this Word document (do not submit other files). Show your work for problem sets that require calculations. Ensure that your answer to each problem is clearly visible. (You may want to highlight your answer or use a different type of color to set it apart.)

Problem Set 4.1: t Test with Related Samples

·      Criterion: Differentiate between independent samples, repeated measures, and matched samples.

Independent samples test is used when we have to compare two independent samples, whether their means of a metric are equal or not.

Repeated measures test is used when we have to perform a within-subjects test. We compare the same metric across multiple time periods to check whether they have changed over the time periods

Matched samples test is used when individuals are paired from two independent groups to test the effect of an intervention.

·      Data:

o   Scenario A: A researcher wants to know whether men or women spend more money at the movie concession stand. He asks the concession clerk to identify the customer as male or female based on each saved receipt.

o   Scenario B: A CPR instructor wants to know if her students are learning anything during her 90-minute training. She decides to quiz her students at the beginning of class and again at the end of class.

·      Instruction: For each of the two scenarios, identify whether independent samples, repeated measures, or matched samples would be used. Explain how you can make the determination.

Scenario A: We use the independent samples test as we have two independent groups, men and women and we are comparing the mean of amount spent at the concession stand for the two groups

Scenario B: We use the repeated measures test, as we are comparing the quiz scores of a sample of individual at two different times, i.e. beginning & end of class

Problem Set 4.2: Paired Samples t Test in SPSS

·      Criterion: Calculate a paired samples t test in SPSS.

·      Data: Dr Statistics wanted to test how her learners scored on a problem set when she presented the problems sequentially versus when she presented the problems randomly. She had 10 learners who scored the following:

(Assessment continues on next page.)

• Instruction: Complete the following steps:

a.    Open SPSS and create a New DataSet.

b.    Click the Variable View tab.

c.    Enter Sequential in row 1 and Random in row 2.

d.    Click the Data View tab. Enter the data for each learner.

e.    In the Toolbar, click Analyze, select Compare Means, and then select Paired-Samples T Test.

f.     Click Sequential and then click Arrow to send it over to the Variable 1 box.

g.    Click Random and then click Arrow to send it over to the Variable 2 box.

h.    Click OK and copy and paste the output into the Word document below.

Problem Set 4.3:  Paired Samples t Test in SPSS

·      Criterion: Analyze a paired samples t test to make a decision about the null hypothesis.

·      Data: Use the data from Problem Set 4.2.

• Instruction: Complete the following:
• Compare t with the one-tailed critical t at the .01 α level. 

Value of t = -0.398; critical t at the .01 α level = 2.821

• Answer this: Did the learners who received sequenced problem sets score significantly higher?  Why or why not?

No, the learners received sequenced problem sets score didn’t significantly higher, as the t-statistic is less than one-tailed critical value of t at the .01 α level.

• State your decision about the null hypothesis.

We fail to reject the null hypothesis

Problem Set 4.4: Confidence Intervals

·      Criterion: Calculate a confidence interval based on the results of a independent samples t test.

·      Data: Use the data from Problem Set 4.2.

·      Instruction: Answer this: Based on that output, what is the 95 percent confidence interval of the difference?

Independent Samples Test

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