Fill in the blank (5 pts total). Blanks may be filled with a number, word, or phrase.
1. 2 pts. The _____________________________ is the probability of observing a test statistic that is as large in absolute value as the test statistic estimated from the sample when the null hypothesis of no effect is true. When this value is small, this is evidence to __________________________ the null hypothesis.
2. 1 pt. An estimate’s _________________________________ contains all of the values of the parameter for which a hypothesis test would fail to reject the null hypothesis.
3. 1 pt. Suppose that you want to estimate the effect of studying on grades of college students, and you want your model to control for the grade of each college student (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). To do this, your model will need to include _________ dummy variables and a constant/intercept term.
4. 1 pt. A model in which the outcome variable is a dummy variable is known as a
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