The absolutely dubitable first principle of all philosophy, for Descartes, is "I think, therefore I am."
philosophy
Description
The absolutely dubitable first principle of all philosophy, for Descartes, is "I think, therefore I am." True False 5 points To doubt the doubt of the doubter is tantamount to doubting the indubitability of doubtfulness itself, therefore God. True False 0 points For Spinoza, one is able to overcome emotions through knowledge and understanding of the causes of such emotions. True False 5 points For Descartes, God is an absolutely necessary being, a being who cannot be thought "not to be," therefore God necessarily exists, for to doubt God's existence would be tantamount (analogously) to doubting the three-sidedness of a triangle.
True False 5 points For Spinoza, a natural heuristic device of Science qua Science (ipso facto!) is the exclusion of chance and freedom! True False 5 points Plato was a relativist since he believed in the objective independent existence of "Forms." True False 5 points For Descartes, "I" cannot doubt that "I" am doubting, without doubting that "I" am doubting ( i.e. doubting my doubt); since "doubt" is a kind of "thought," Descartes therefore argues "I think therefore I am." True False 5 points For Spinoza man is radically (pre)determined, that is, he has absolute freedom of choice.
True False 5 points For Spinoza, good and evil, along with love and hate, are absolute (i.e. non-relative) and independent of the Conatus’ increasing or decreasing. True False 5 points Plato argued for the objective existence of the beautiful itself, which all beautiful things participate in, and which makes possible the maxim "beauty is in the eye of the beholder" (a maxim Plato himself affirmed). True False 5 points Spinoza was a relativist (morally speaking). True False 5 points For Spinoza, one can attain a certain equivocal sense of "Freedom" by the rational recognition of one's own being determined by the natural world of mechanistic causality and its mechanistic nexuses, that is, I become free in recognizing my lack of freedom. True False 5 points For Spinoza, the naturalistic ontological drive by which all beings strive to persist indefinitely in their existence is titled the Conatus, or will to life, will to power, etc. True False
