You can Return the file with completed skeleton code within. The submission stuff can be ignored.

Requirements

Update the master branch of your github repository with a directory submit/prj4-sol such that that typing make within that directory will build an executable y86-sim which is a simulator for the Y86 machine described in Section 4.1 of the text:

The y86-sim program can be invoked with the following arguments:

• An option -i. If specified, it should force the simulator is to run interactively, pausing after each simulation step.

• An option -l. If specified, then the simulator is not run; instead an assembly listing is produced on standard output.

• An option -v. If specified, it should force the simulator to output (on stdout) all y86 state changes since the last simulation step.

• An option -V. If specified, it should force the simulator to output (on stdout) all CPU registers and state changes since the last simulation step. If both -v and -V are specified, then -V overrides -v.

• The names of one or more .ys files containing y86 assembly language code.

• Zero or more integer parameters. If specified, those parameters will be loaded into the high memory of the simulated Y86 machine The simulation is started with register rdi pointing to the parameters and register rsi set to the number of parameters provided.

You are being provided with a library which supports the components of a Y86 machine as well as a Y86 assembler. You are also being provided with a C main() function which handles all the command-line parsing and sets up a properly initialized instance of a simulated y86 computer with all the .ys programs specified on the command line assembled and loaded into memory. All that you really need to do is fully implement the following function (specified in ysim.h with a skeleton implementation in ysim.c

/** Execute the next instruction of y86. Must change status of
 *  y86 to STATUS_HLT on halt, STATUS_ADR or STATUS_INS on
 *  bad address or instruction.
 */
void step_ysim(Y86 *y86);

Provided Libraries

You have been provided with libcs220 and liby86 libraries in the course lib directory. The specification headers for the modules provided by these libraries are in the course include directory and the source code in the course src directory.

You may assume that the environment in which your program will be compiled and run will have these libraries available within a $HOME/cs220 directory.

Provided Project Files

The files prj4-sol directory contains the following files:

ysim Module

Specification in ysim.h and skeleton implementation in ysim.c. You will need to add code to ysim.c to implement your project..

main.c

This contains a main() function for your program which handles all the details of processing the command-line arguments.

1. It creates a new instance of a y86 computer:

2. It assembles the .ys assembly files specified on the command line. If the command line parameters specified the -l option requesting a listing, then it outputs an assembly listing on standard output and exits. Otherwise it loads the machine code corresponding to the .ys files into the memory of the y86 instance.

3. If the command line arguments include any integer parameters, then those parameters are loaded into high memory with the rdi register set up as an Word argc count and the rsi register set up as a Word argv[] pointer.

   Note that the code in main.c does not check whether loading the integer parameters into high memory will overwrite any of the code loaded from the .ys files. This should not be a problem for the small programs being run by this project.

4. Starts simulating the loaded code by stepping the simulator by repeatedly calling the step_ysim() function you are required to write until the machine status changes to something other than STATUS_AOK. Between each simulation step it dumps machine state if the -v or -V command-line options were specified, or pauses if the -i command-line option was specified.

5. Dumps the state of the machine and changes on standard output and terminates.

README

A README file which must be submitted along with your project. It contains an initial header which you must complete (replace the dummy entries with your name, B-number and email address at which you would like to receive project-related email). After the header you may include any content which you would like read during the grading of your project. If your project is not complete, document what is not working in the README.

Example .ys files in directory extras

These example files show complete y86 programs which should be runnable by your simulator. Gold outputs for running each file through your simulator without any options are shown in the corresponding .out files. (The main-sum.out gold output was produced using the additional argument produced using $(seq 1 10)).

Test shell script test.sh

This shell script compares the output of running your simulator on one or more .y86 files with the corresponding .out gold output. It is simply invoked with the paths to one-or-more y86 files. Examples:

    $ D=$HOME/cs220/projects/prj4/extras
    $ $D/test.sh $D/halt.ys
    $ $D/test.sh $D/*.ys

Hints

The following points are worth noting:

• Y86 is actually Y86-64, a 64-bit machine. This is reflected in the typedef's used for Word and Address in y86.h. You should strive to write your code in a manner which does not depend on these sizes. For example, your code should not assume that the length of a irmovq is 10; instead it should use an expression like 1 + sizeof(Byte) + sizeof(Word) for the length. That enables retargeting of the simulator to say a Y86-32.

• Your simulator will need to simulate a basic instruction cycle:

  1. Fetch instruction specified by program counter pc from memory.

  2. Execute the instruction just fetched, updating CPU and memory as required by the semantics of the instruction.

  3. Set the program counter pc to the address of the next instruction to be executed. Except for control transfers, this will be the address of the next sequential instruction

• While developing your project in your submit/prj4-sol directory, you will frequently be using the test files in the extras directory located at path ~/cs220/projects/prj4/extras. Instead of typing that path repeatedly, it may be useful to setup a shell variable D=$HOME/cs220/projects/prj4/extras and then use $D in your commands to refer to the extras directory.

The following points are not prescriptive in that you may choose to ignore them as long as you meet all the project requirements.

1. Read the Y86 description given in section 4.1 of the textbook. Also understand the y86 ADT you have been provided with (note that you should not need to use the get_memory_pointer_y86() or dump_changes_y86() operations.

2. Start your project in a manner similar to how you start a lab. Set up a prj4 branch and copy the provided prj4-sol directory into your i220?/submit directory in that branch.

3. Create a Makefile for your project. The Makefile should be set up to build main.o and ysim.o` and link them along with the cs220 and y86 libraries into the executable y86-sim.

   • The interface to the libraries in the include directory will be needed to compile the source code. The -I option to gcc can be used to specify the directory those interfaces. You can set that up in your Makefile by defining the make variable CPPFLAGS as follows (the following assumes that make variable COURSE is set to cs220):

              CPPFLAGS = -I $$HOME/$(COURSE)/include
     

     This variable is understood by the implicit compilation commands built into make.

   • The link command will need to tell gcc which libraries to use. You can ensure that by having the link command use the LDFLAGS make variable defined as follows:

              LDFLAGS = -L $$HOME/$(COURSE)/lib -l cs220 -l y86
     

     Note that the library specification must follow the names of any object files which use those libraries.

   If you have problems setting up the Makefile, review Lab 1 or any make documentation on the web

   Once you have set up your Makefile correctly, you should be able to build the project. Running the executable without any arguments should produce a usage message:

       $ ./y86-sim
       usage: ./y86-sim [-s] [-v] [-V] YAS_FILE_NAMES... INT_INPUTS...
                 -l:  produce assembler listing only
                 -s:  single-step program
                 -v:  verbose: dump changes
                        after each instruction
                 -V:  very verbose: dump all registers
                        after each instruction
   

   If you get an error about missing libraries, your LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not set up correctly (it should be set up if you followed the directions provided at the start of the semester). Try

       $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/cs220/lib
       $ ./y86-sim
   
   

   to solve the problem.

   You should also be able to get assembly listings:

       $ ./y86-sim ~/cs220/projects/prj4/extras/asum.ys -l
   

4. Get started on your step_ysim() function. Read the pc and then fetch the opcode byte addressed by it; whenever you read/write memory, you need to check for an address error using something like:

       if (read_status_y86(y86) != STATUS_AOK) return;

   Extract the base opcode from the fetched byte by extracting its high nybble. Do a switch on this base opcode. For now, simply add a default case for unhandled instructions. Have this default case simply set the machine status to STATUS_INS to indicate a bad instruction.

   Run your simulator on any ys file. For example,

       $ ./y86-sim ~/cs220/projects/prj4/extras/halt.ys
   

   The machine should stop with status printed as BAD_INS.

5. Add a case for the halt instruction which simply sets the machine's status to STATUS_HLT. Run the above command again. You should see that the machine stops with status set to HLT.

6. Add a case for a nop instruction which simply advances the pc. Verify your output by running your simulator on the nops-halt.ys file.

   You can verify that your output matches the provided gold outputs by using the provided test.sh script.

       $ D=$HOME/cs220/projects/prj4/extras
       $ $D/test.sh $D/halt.ys $D/nops-halt.ys
   

   The script should succeed silently if your output matches the gold output.

7. Implement the irmovq instruction by adding a case in the switch. You will need to read the next byte following the opcode byte to get the register specifier. Extract the register from the low nybble of the fetched register specifier. Then fetch the next word from memory as the immediate operand. Finally set the register to the fetched immediate operand and update the pc to point to the next instruction.

   Add a test program to verify that your implementation is correct. Start out with the halt.ys program and add a irmovq instruction before the halt to move some distinctive value into a register, say rax. Verify that the register has that distinctive value when the program simulation stops.

8. Add support for call and ret instructions. The former will need to get the address of the function being called from the word following the opcode byte. The return address will need to be pushed on to the stack before the pc is updated to transfer control to the called function.

   Implement ret to transfer control to the address popped from the stack.

   You should now be able to run the basic.ys test.

9. Add code to implement the memory move instructions mrmovq and rmmovq. You should now be able to run the mem-mov.ys test.

10. Complete the check_cc() function in the provided ysim.c. This will allow you to implement the cmovXX (which includes rrmovq) instructions. You should now be able to run the mov.ys test.

11. Add support for the OP1 instructions by completing the provided op1() function and its support functions set_add_arith_cc(), set_sub_arith_cc(), set_logic_op_cc(). The code for the condition codes for the different OP1 instructions follows from the meaning of the condition codes.

    Addition

    Zero flag set if the result is zero, sign flag set if the result is negative, overflow flag set if the operands have the same sign and the sign of the result is different from the sign of the operands.

    Subtraction

    Zero flag set if the result is zero, sign flag set if the result is negative, overflow flag set if the operands have the opposite sign and the sign of the result is different from the sign of the first operand.

    Logical Operations andq and xorq

    Zero flag set if the result is zero, sign flag set if the result is negative, overflow flag always reset.

    You should now be able to run the abs-diff.ys test.

12. Implement the pushq and popq instructions. Be sure to implement the correct behavior when the operand for those instructions is rsp as specified in problems 4.7 and 4.8 of the text. You should now be able to run the pushq-rsp.ys and popq-rsp.ys tests.

13. Implement the remaining instructions. Use the existing tests or add in your own tests to verify.

14. Iterate the previous steps until all requirements are met.